Difference between HTML, CSS and Java Script

HTML/XHTML

HTML (HyperText Markup Langage) is the language used to create web page documents. The updated version, XHTML (eXtensible HTML) is essentially the same language with stricter syntax rules.It is common to see HTML and XHTML referred to collectively as (X)HTML, as (X)HTML is not a programming language; it is a markup language, which means it is a system for identifying and describing the various components of a document such as headings, paragraphs, and lists. You don’t need programming skills—only patience and common sense—to write (X)HTML. Everyone involved with the Web needs a basic understanding of how HTML works. The best way to learn is to write out some pages by hand, If you end up working in web production, you’ll live and breathe (X)HTML. Even hobbyists will benefit from knowing what is going on under the hood. The good news is that it’s simple to learn the basics.

CSS(Cascading Style Sheets)

While (X)HTML is used to describe the content in a web page, it is Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) that describe how you want that content to look. In the web design biz, the way the page looks is known as its presentation. CSS is now the official and standard mechanism for formatting text and page layouts. CSS also provides methods for controlling how documents will be presented in media other than the traditional browser on a screen, such as in print and on handheld devices. It also has rules for specifying the non-visual presentation of documents, such as how they will sound when read by a screen reader. Style sheets are also a great tool for automating production, because you can make changes to all the pages in your site by editing a single style sheet document. Style sheets are supported to some degree by all modern browsers. Although it is possible to publish web pages using (X)HTML alone, you’ll probably want to take on style sheets so you’re not stuck with the browser’s default styles. If you’re looking into designing web sites professionally, proficiency at style sheets is mandatory.

JavaScript/DOM scripting

Despite its name, JavaScript is not at all related to Java. JavaScript is a scripting language that is used to add interactivity and behaviors to web pages, including these (just to name a few): Checking form entries for valid entries Swapping out styles for an element or an entire site Making the browser remember information about the user for the next time they visit JavaScript is a language that is commonly used to manipulate the elements on the web page or certain browser window functions. There are other web scripting languages, but JavaScript (also called ECMAScript) is the standard and most ubiquitous. You may also hear the term DOM scripting used in relation to JavaScript. DOM stands for Document Object Model, and it refers to the standardized list of web page elements that can be accessed and manipulated using JavaScript (or another scripting language). DOM scripting is an updated term for what used to be referred to as DHTML (Dynamic HTML), now considered an obsolete approach. Writing JavaScript is programming, so it may be time-consuming to learn if you have no prior programming experience. Many people teach themselves JavaScript by reading books and following and modifying existing examples. Most web-authoring tools come with standard scripts that you can use right out of the box for common functions. If you want to be a professional web developer, JavaScript is the first scripting language you should learn. However, plenty of designers rely on developers to add JavaScript behaviors to their designs. So while JavaScript is useful, learning to write it is not mandatory for all web designers.

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